Battles - The Siege of Namur, 1914
As at Liege, the city of Namur had been fortified between
1888 and 1892 under the direction of military engineer Brialmont with the construction of a ring of forts around the city It was
believed that the forts, accompanied by the deployment of infantry, would protect the Sambre and Meuse Rivers against German invasion.
The forts stood some five miles from the centre of the city, nine in total. The forts were linked, as at Liege, by trenches and barbed wire, although the condition of these was not ideal.
With the fall of Liege on 16 August 1914 the German Second and Third Armies, led by von Bulow, turned their attention to Namur. In theory the capture of Namur ought to have been easier than at Liege: the garrison was low on morale, ammunition and, most critically, manpower. At its best Namur was garrisoned with approximately 37,000 men, against which was arrayed at least 107,000 German troops.
Nevertheless, the garrison at Namur, held by the right wing of the Belgian army under 4th Division's Michel, intended to hold out until the arrival of French Fifth Army forces stationed across the River Sambre to the south-west.
Following a day of probing attacks upon Fort de Marchovelette on 20 August, von Bulow's Second Army began firing upon the forts in earnest on 21 August In part to divert the French Fifth Army away from the forts, the bulk of the German Second Army launched an attack at the French at Charleroi. The strategy was successful: only one regiment of infantry from Fifth Army, the 45th Brigade, was dispatched to assist with the defence of Namur.
The Germans decided to repeat their earlier success at Liege by bombarding the forts with heavy artillery, including the powerful Big Bertha gun (a 420mm siege howitzer) Two days after von Bulow had launched his assault, Namur was close to collapse on 23 August.
The decision was taken to evacuate Namur that day, with German forces entered the city in the evening The last of the forts fell soon afterwards Upon hearing news of the fall of Namur, General Lanrezac ordered a general withdrawal from the Sambre at Charleroi.
Click here to view of map charting the progress of the German invasion of Belgium in August 1914.
Photograph courtesy of Photos of the Great War website
The British Army suffered 188,706 gas attack casualties during the war of which 6,062 were fatal. The German Army suffered 200,000 gas casualties, 9,000 of which were fatal.
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